Pterygium
Pterygium, often referred to as "surfer's eye," is a common eye condition characterized by the growth of a pink, fleshy tissue on the conjunctiva—the thin, transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye. This non-cancerous growth typically forms on the side of the eye closest to the nose and may extend onto the cornea, the clear, protective outer layer of the eye.
Symptoms :
- Redness and Irritation : Pterygium often causes redness and irritation in the affected eye, leading to discomfort and a gritty sensation.
- Blurred Vision : As the pterygium grows and extends onto the cornea, it can distort the shape of the cornea, leading to blurred or distorted vision.
- Dryness : Many individuals with pterygium experience dry eyes due to the disruption of the tear film caused by the growth.
- Sensitivity to Light : Increased sensitivity to light, known as photophobia, is a common symptom of pterygium.
- Visible Growth : In advanced cases, a visible, triangular-shaped growth can be observed on the surface of the eye, extending from the conjunctiva onto the cornea.
Causes
- UV Exposure : Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or artificial sources is considered a significant risk factor for developing pterygium.
- Environmental Factors : Dust, wind, and other environmental irritants can also contribute to the development of pterygium.
- Genetics : There may be a genetic predisposition to pterygium, as it tends to occur more frequently in individuals with a family history of the condition.
- Dry Eye : Chronic dry eye conditions may increase the risk of developing pterygium, as the irritated and inflamed conjunctiva may be more susceptible to abnormal tissue growth.
No, pterygium is a benign growth and is not cancerous. However, it can cause discomfort and affect vision if left untreated.
While it may not be entirely preventable, wearing sunglasses that block UV rays and protective eyewear in windy or dusty conditions can help reduce the risk of developing pterygium.
Treatment options for pterygium vary depending on the severity of symptoms. Mild cases may be managed with lubricating eye drops or ointments to alleviate discomfort. In more advanced cases where vision is affected or the growth is causing significant irritation, surgical removal may be recommended.
Yes, pterygium surgery is generally safe and effective. It involves removing the abnormal tissue growth and may be performed using techniques such as excision with conjunctival autograft or amniotic membrane transplantation.